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Trump's latest immigration crackdown threatens the economy — both in the US and in El Salvador

Trump's plans to strip some 200,000 Salvadorans in the US of temporary protected status is likely to be a blow to the economies in El Salvador and the US.

  • Trump administration plans to strip some 200,000 Salvadorans in the US of temporary protected status is likely to be a blow to the economies of both El Salvador and the US.
  • El Salvador will struggle to absorb thousands of returnees, who may displace current jobholders there and in turn cause more migration to the US.
  • In the US, employers face expenses related to laying off TPS holders as well as the prospect of being unable to replace those workers.

The Trump administration announced earlier this month it will end temporary protected status for some 200,000 immigrants from El Salvador living in the US.

The administration cast the move as a corrective for a TPS policy it said had been abused, and it comes as as part of President Donald Trump's effort to restrict legal and illegal immigration. The president has said this would preserve jobs and raise wages — claims that are widely disputed.

Temporary Protected Status for Salvadorans will not expire until September 2019, giving people with that status in the US 18 months to apply for a new immigration status or leave the country voluntarily.

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But during implimentation and afterward, uprooting thousands of Salvadorans and their families is likely to create drag on the economy in US and in El Salvador.

The Central American country, home to more than 6 million people, has been wracked by violence and is struggling economically.

"El Salvador's economy is not very strong. Its [GDP is] growing roughly 2.5% a year," Mike Allison, a political-science professor at the University of Scranton, told Business Insider. "Unemployment's high. Jobs aren’t well-paying. There's very few protections for workers."

Salvadorans depend heavily on remittances — 382,734 households received them in 2016, according to a government survey, and 97% are sent from the US. The more than $4.5 billion in remittances received in 2016 was used to pay for things like rent, school fees and transportation costs, and utility bills.

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Any decline in remittances caused by deportations or removals from the US would reduce consumption and increase poverty in El Salvador, Carmen Aida Lazo, of ESEN University in San Salvador, told The Economist.

Many of the conditions created by the 2001 earthquake that first prompted the TPS designation for immigrants from El Salvador haven't really improved, Allison said.

"Security is still bad. The economy is bad. Corruption is bad. What's helped the country sort of stay afloat has been the billions of dollars sent back each year by Salvadorans living abroad," he told Business Insider.

"The situation in El Salvador today probably will not be any better in 18 months. If anything it'll probably get a little worse."

The absence of Salvadorans in the US sending money back to El Salvador would likely be compounded by the strain their return would put on the government and the local economy.

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The official unemployment rate in El Salvador is 7%, but more than 40% of workers are underemployed, and about 66% of them work in the informal sector. The country sees 60,000 people enter the workforce every year, but its economy only creates 11,000 jobs, according to think tank Fusades.

"So the thought that these people are going to be successfully absorbed by the Salvadoran economy is fantastical," Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America, told Business Insider.

"Whatever the administration says about conditions in El Salvador [having] improved — I don't actually think they have — but it's clear to me that even if they were to have improved, they haven't improved to the condition where the country can accept back that number of people and absorb them into the workforce," Thale said.

The US and Salvadoran governments have an agreement that limits the number of deportation flights to eight a week, each carrying no more than 135 people.

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Under the deal, the US can't send more than 56,000 people back to El Salvador each year. A significant increase in the number returnees would further strain the limited resources the government and civil-society groups have to assist people arriving in the country, many of whom haven't been there in more than a decade.

Salvadoran TPS holders in the US are typically in their 40s and are used to wages higher than are offered in El Salvador, and many who return are likely to struggle to find work and settle there. Ones who do enter the labor force in El Salvador may take jobs that are already filled, Thale said.

"While they occupy relative low-skilled jobs in the United States, in El Salvador they would look like mostly bilingual, relatively skilled workers," Thale told Business Insider.

"What they'll probably do is displace other Salvadorans, and those people, who are less skilled and ... pushed out of the workforce in a terrible economy with ... a lot of crime and violence, will probably emigrate to the United States."

The government in El Salvador is looking for a way to relieve the pressure. It is discussing a deal with Qatar under which migrants from the Central American country who lose the right to live in the US could live and work temporarily in the Middle Eastern country.

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El Salvador's foreign minister said Salvadorans in Qatar could work in engineering, aircraft maintenance, construction, and agriculture.

"I think they're going to wind up living in illegality here, which will make them more exposed to abuse by employers, make them live more in fear, make them far less likely to cooperate with local police," Thale told Business Insider. "In those communities, in terms of employment, in terms of schools, in terms of people paying their mortgages, there will be economic ripple effects."

Immigrants in the US — Haitians and others from Central America, in particular — often make their living in the US in the service industry, doing jobs in industries like construction, food service, and child and elderly care.

"This policy [is] probably going to worsen poverty and the conditions in El Salvador, but it's also going to do the same thing in the United States," Allison, of the University of Scranton, told Business Insider. "If you end up deporting or taking away the legal status of 200,000 people, they're going to lose the good-paying jobs that they have right now."

"You've removed thousands of fully employed people," Allison said. "And now their kids won't be able to rely upon the income form their parents, which is going to force, probably, many of them into poverty."

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